Allergy

What is allergy?

Allergy is a condition caused by oversensitivity (hypersensitivity) to various substances. For example, it can be a reaction to certain foods, insect bites, medicines, substances that come into contact with the skin or something we breathe in. Substances that can cause allergies are called allergens. An allergen is usually a protein, but it can also be chemicals that are bound to proteins. When the body reacts to allergens, the immune system overreacts by creating antibodies against something that is initially not very harmful. In allergic people, these antibodies can attack harmless substances (the allergens). Non-allergic people, on the other hand, will produce few antibodies against such allergens. This means that they will not experience an allergic reaction. The most common allergic disorders are hay fever, eczema, asthma and food allergies.

Who gets allergic?

The reason why some people react to certain allergens, while others have no reaction, is uncertain. However, it is known that both heredity and environment – such as the amount of exposure to an allergen – play an important role in the development of allergy. Allergy is a very common condition. One in ten children may have symptoms of asthma or eczema. Even more have symptoms of hay fever. Studies show that if one of a child’s parents has allergies, there is about a 50% chance that the child will develop allergies. However, if both parents are allergic, this risk increases to around 75%. In 10-20% of those with allergies, however, there is no allergy in the family. Allergies are usually most pronounced in childhood and adolescence. In adulthood, the symptoms often diminish.

Allergy symptoms

The symptoms of allergy depend on both the type of antibody and where in the body the reaction between antibody and allergen takes place. In the case of food allergy, symptoms may occur in the gut. The allergens can also be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause a rash. In the case of hay fever, airborne pollen will cause a reaction in the nose and/or eyes. In the case of asthma, dust or pollen breathed in will cause a reaction in the lungs. In an allergic reaction, the cells in the immune system will release chemical substances (including histamines) that cause the allergic reactions. Examples include increased secretion of fluid and mucus in the nose and eyes (hay fever), contraction of the airways making it harder to breathe (asthma) and skin changes such as redness, swelling and itching (eczema).

Who can help you?

One of our ear, nose and throat specialists will be able to perform a satisfactory examination in order to make the correct diagnosis and start the appropriate treatment. We have standardized procedures as well as access to state-of-the-art equipment to ensure our patients receive a thorough and quick examination.

Important to consider in connection with allergy assessment and prick test

Before the prick test, certain medications must be avoided, especially allergy tablets/antihistamines. Medication intake must be stopped 5 days before the planned prick test.

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